The German Rifle That Changed Bolt-Action Design Forever
Few rifle designs have influenced modern firearms as deeply as the German Mauser bolt-action. It wasn’t the first bolt-action system, but the Mauser brothers refined the concept into a strong, dependable design that became a benchmark for military, hunting, and sporting rifles around the world.
The Model 98, adopted by Germany in 1898, represented the system’s most famous evolution. Its controlled-feed action, durable locking system, and practical safety features influenced generations of rifles produced far beyond Germany. This slideshow traces how the design developed, why so many countries adopted or copied it, and how its engineering can still be recognized in bolt-action rifles made today.
Mauser Gewehr 98: The Rifle That Set the Standard
The Mauser Gewehr 98 was adopted by the German Empire in 1898 and became its standard service rifle. The design is credited to German gunmaker Paul Mauser, who spent decades refining bolt-action mechanisms at the Mauser factory in Oberndorf am Neckar. Production later expanded to several German state arsenals and private manufacturers, allowing millions of rifles to be made through the end of World War I.
The Gewehr 98 was chambered for the 7.92×57mm cartridge, commonly called 8mm Mauser. It held five rounds in a fixed internal magazine and could be loaded quickly with a five-round stripper clip. For enthusiasts, the real attraction is the action itself. Its large claw extractor provided controlled-round feeding, while two front locking lugs and a third safety lug gave the bolt exceptional strength. Gas-relief features were also designed to direct pressure away from the shooter if a cartridge failed.
The rifle earned a reputation for being rugged, accurate, and remarkably dependable, although its long barrel made it less convenient in cramped trenches. Its action became one of the most influential firearm designs ever produced. A shortened descendant, the Karabiner 98k, served Germany during World War II, while the basic Mauser 98 system influenced generations of military, hunting, and sporting rifles that followed.
Military vs. Civilian Purchase
You'll see vast quantities of firearms on this list. However, it is vital to consider that some of these guns are designed for the express purpose of military contracts. There is some crossover in the North American market when looking at AR-15 or AK platform rifles.
Military Surplus
While supplies are steadily dwindling, military surplus rifles from Warsaw Pact countries, along with Western nations, remain a popular purchase for avid shooters. As such, some of the more vintage weapons you'll see on here, like the SKS or Mosin Nagant, are fine first rifles if you can get over the boutique ammo cost.
The Used Market
This list isn't going to cover all the ins and outs of firearm purchases across the world. Numbers are accurate, but they don't present the whole picture when considering firearms in the United States. Used gun sales are a whole other kettle of fish and one that just about needs its separate list to cover.
Try Before You Buy
If you want to purchase a firearm like the ones on this list, I'll give you some advice. Before you spend your hard-earned money on a gun, rent one at the range or borrow a friend's. This lets you understand if you'll like a gun without spending a princely sum to find out.
