As soon as the sniper entered the battlefield in World War II, warfare changed forever. The idea that a single soldier could hold back entire military units out of fear of being shot by an unseen enemy is a significant morale killer. Unsurprisingly, the snipers on this list also created significant morale boosts for the side they were fighting for.
19. Lyudmila Pavlichenko
- Confirmed kills: 309
- Army: Soviet Union
Widely viewed as the most successful female sniper in history, Lyudmila Pavlichenko had a total of 309 confirmed kills while serving in the Red Army. Her military history includes participation in the sieges of Odesa and Sevastopol, where she achieved most of her kills on the Eastern Front against Germany.
18. Matthaus Hetzenauer
- Confirmed kills: 345
- Army: Germany
Conscripted into the German army at age 17, Matthaus Hetzenauer served in the 140th Mountain Rifle Reinforcement Battalion in Kufstein, Austria, a crucial defensive and operational post along the Eastern Front. As a sniper, he deftly wielded two types of rifles — the Karabiner 98k and the Gewehr 43. Deployed to Carpathia, Hungary, and Slovakia, Hetzenauer’s strategy notably targeted Soviet commanders, machine gunners, and other high-value targets.
17. Philipp Yakovlevich Rubaho
- Confirmed kills: 346
- Army: Soviet Union
Before and throughout WWII, the Soviet Union was globally recognized for its superior sniping ability. Its military strategy mostly focused on deploying snipers for long-range suppressive fire and targeting enemy commanders. While Philipp Yakovlevich Rubaho is one of the top Soviet snipers, little is known about him.
16. Abdukhani Idrisov
- Confirmed kills: 349
- Army: Soviet Union
Not much is known about Abdukhani Idrisov and his service in the Soviet Army, but it is widely known that the Soviets greatly relied on the sniper as an invaluable tool of war. As per various accounts, the importance of snipers was so pronounced that at least one was typically included in both infantry and reconnaissance platoons.
15. Ivan Petrovich Antonov
- Confirmed kills: 362
- Army: Soviet Union
Unfortunately, not much is known about Ivan Petrovich Antonov besides his impressive kill count. However, his expert marksmanship is undoubtedly related to an understanding of his battlegrounds, which allowed him to find perfect camouflage.
14. Semen D. Nomokonov
- Confirmed kills: 367
- Army: Soviet Union
The Soviet Union emerged as the leading nation during WWII regarding proficient snipers due to its sustained focus on the training and development of sniper teams during the 1930s. Consequently, the USSR held the distinction of having the most highly trained sharpshooters worldwide. Semen D. Nomokonov is one of these snipers, but little is known about his background.
13. Pyotr Alexeyevich Goncharov
- Confirmed kills: 380
- Army: Soviet Union
Although not much is known about Pyotr Alexeyevich Goncharov, he is among the best-trained Soviet snipers of the era. During WWII, the Red Army implemented a sniper training program that involved over 400,000 participants. More than 9,000 of these trainees were able to develop and demonstrate advanced proficiency in their skills.
12. Vasili Zaitsev
- Confirmed kills: 400
- Army: Soviet Union
Vasily Zaitsev was a renowned sniper in the Soviet military. He reportedly engaged in a high-stakes duel during the Battle of Stalingrad with a German sniper, often referred to as Erwin König, though historians debate the existence of König.
The duel, which Zaitsev purportedly won, is primarily documented by Soviet records and Zaitsev’s accounts but lacks independent verification. The 2001 film Enemy at the Gates, which starred Jude Law and Ed Harris, also documented the battle.
11. Erwin Konig
- Confirmed kills: 400
- Army: Germany
Some historians debate the existence of Erwin König, suggesting he may have been a fictional character created by Soviet propaganda to enhance Vasili Zaitsev’s reputation. Still, the story of König and Zaitsev became legendary, as depicted in the critically acclaimed movie Enemy at the Gates, which portrayed their duel during the Battle of Stalingrad.
10. Stepan Vasilievich Petrenko
- Confirmed kills: 412
- Army: Soviet Union
A distinguished Ukrainian Senior Sergeant and proficient sniper, Stephan Petrenko notably contributed to the Soviet Union’s reputation of having the most adept snipers during WWII. He was born in 1922 and died in 1984. In recognition of his heroic deeds, Petrenko was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union Award in 1945, one of the highest honors in the USSR.
9. Afanasy Gordienko
- Confirmed kills: 417
- Army: Soviet Union
Notwithstanding the highest-ranking sniper on the record, most top-ranked snipers were from the Soviet Union, underscoring their preeminence in this area. Afanasy Gordienko is one of these snipers, but his background remains a mystery.
8. Vasilij Ivanovich Golosov
- Confirmed kills: 422
- Army: Soviet Union
Notable marksman Vasilij Ivanovich Golosov holds a record of 422 confirmed kills during WWII, a figure that includes approximately 70 enemy snipers. He was one of the 261 individuals who received the prestigious Distinguished Sniper Award from the Soviet Union, an honor bestowed on those with over 50 kills.
7. Fyodor Trofimovich Dyachenko
- Confirmed kills: 425
- Army: Soviet Union
One of the Soviet Union’s most highly trained snipers was Fyodor Trofimovich Dyachenko, who demonstrated remarkable prowess by achieving 425 confirmed kills. His strategic focus was eliminating officers whose loss would significantly impact the enemy. In recognition of his significant contribution to military operations, the USSR honored Dyachenko with the Distinguished Service Cross.
6. Fyodor Matveyevich Okhlopkov
- Confirmed kills: 429
- Army: Soviet Union
Serving as a sniper in the Red Army, Fyodor Matveyevich Okhlopkov had an impressive 429 confirmed kills. Despite his effectiveness, it was not until 1965 that he was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and received the Order of Lenin. This delay was allegedly due to his Yakut ethnicity.
5. Mikhail Ivanovich Budenkov
- Confirmed kills: 437
- Army: Soviet Union
Sergeant Mikhail Ivanovich Budenkov made an indelible mark with his exceptional combat record. His sniper kills alone numbered 437, not including those carried off with other weaponry. Budenkov’s achievements underscore the effectiveness of Soviet training and dedication during the war.
4. Vladimir Nikolaevich Pchelintsev
- Confirmed kills: 456
- Army: Soviet Union
Vladimir Pchelintsev ranks fifth among snipers in WWII with 456 reported kills. His profound familiarity with the battlegrounds he fought on played a key role in his success, unlike other soldiers unfamiliar with the terrain. His knowledge of the landscape and ability to camouflage effectively contributed heavily to his elevated kill statistics.
3. Nikolay Yakovlevich Ilyin
- Confirmed kills: 494
- Army: Soviet Union
Former locksmith Nikolay Yakovlevich Ilyin transformed into a formidable sniper for the Red Army, amassing 494 confirmed kills, primarily during the Battle of Stalingrad. Despite dying in combat in 1943, his significant contributions to the Soviet war effort were honored with multiple high-ranking awards after the war’s conclusion in 1945.
2. Ivan Mikhailovich Sidorenko
- Confirmed kills: 500
- Army: Soviet Union
Self-taught sniper and former art student Ivan Mihailovich Sidorenko distinguished himself as the most prolific marksman in the Soviet Union during WWII. Drafted in 1939, he honed his sniping skills during the Battle of Moscow. An injury in 1944 shifted his role to an instructor, sharing his expertise with future snipers. He was honored as a Hero of the Soviet Union for his contributions.
1. Simo Häyhä
- Confirmed kills: 542
- Army: Finland
Known as “The White Death,” Simo Hayha showcased extraordinary sniping skills in WWII. Over 100 winter days, he amassed over 500 kills, according to Finnish military records, triggering numerous unsuccessful Soviet counter-attacks. Of course, the exact numbers are subject to much debate. Tragically, a counter-sniper explosive round hit him in the jaw, resulting in an 11-day coma.
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