What Is a Bridge in Computer Networking? A Plain English Explanation

Computer networking is the connecting of computers. These computers can share resources and exchange data with each other. Networked or connected computer devices use a system of rules or protocols when it comes to communication. These rules transmit information either physically or wirelessly. If that sounds complicated to you, you’re not alone. Computer networking can be hard, not only to explain, but also to wrap your head around. To add to the confusion, we now use bridges, which are network devices connecting computer LANs — or local area networks. LANs are just two or more devices connected to make one physical location.

Because computer networking can be complicated, we urge you not to stress. This article aims to explain the role, types, functions, and pros and cons of bridges in computer networking. 

What Is a Bridge in Computer Networking?

In computer networking, a bridge is one type of network device. Examples of other network devices include routers, switches, gateways, hubs, and more. Each machine has its own use and purpose. For this article, we’re focusing on a bridge’s purpose in computer networking. 

A bridge is a network device connecting two or more LANs. This connection allows the computers to communicate as if they were on the same network. A bridge acts as a translator, passing data between the segments and making sure it reaches the correct destination. 

A bridge connection is valuable when it is not practical or desirable to have all devices on a single network, such as in large office buildings or between different departments in a company. Bridges also help reduce network congestion and improve overall performance by sending data only where needed.

Type of Bridges in Computer Networking 

We can break down bridges in computer networking into three main types. These types are:

• Transparent bridges
• Translational bridges
• Source routing bridges

Let’s take a closer look:

Transparent Bridges

A transparent bridge is a commonly used type of network bridge. It looks at incoming network traffic to identify the media access control, or MAC, address. The primary function of a transparent bridge is to move or block data according to the MAC. Transparent bridges are invisible to other devices and to the existence of bridges in the network. They perform their function without involving the end computer or station. 

Translational Bridges

Translational bridges convert or translate data they receive from one system to another. They help connect two different networks. For example, translational bridges can connect the token ring containing the routing info to the Ethernet, which doesn’t include the routing information. In computer networking, people use bridges to connect the systems and share data. 

Source Routing Bridges

The aptly named source bridge follows a specified path set by the source computer. Source bridging differs from transparent bridging because how it works is limited, whereas transparent bridges are random. Unfortunately, this type of network bridge is slowly fading out of style. 

Functions of Bridges in Computer Networking 

The primary function of a bridge in computer networking is to forward or block data as defined by the computer’s address. The bridge will divide LANs into multiple segments to control the traffic within the network. Bridges can connect two LANs with similar arrangements. Interestingly, bridges can also filter data based on the destination MAC. 

The Pros of Using a Bridge

Bridges are complicated but smart network devices. As a result, they have several advantages, including being cost-effective and easy to maintain. There are other reasons to use a bridge, however. Some pros include:

• Acts as a repeater and extends your network
• Reduces network traffic 
• Reduces collisions
• Increases workstations

The Cons of Using a Bridge

While bridges are convenient and have a lot of pros, there are some reasons you may want to avoid using a bridge in computing networking. Some cons include:

• Increases delays and slows computers
• Unable to read specific IP addresses
• Unable to read complicated load data

Putting It Together: Bridges in Computer Networking

A bridge is a network device connecting several networks to create a single network. Network bridges provide a connection with other computers and networks that use the same behavior rules. For example, a bridge can connect multiple LANs to develop an extended LAN. 

Businesses and people use bridges in computer networking to divide busy networks into smaller ones. Separating networks this way allows for faster, better performance. Bridging is the most common model used in data centers and departmental and branch applications. If you need to extend your network while experiencing better performance, consider adding a network bridge to your setup.  

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